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BAMS

What is BAMS? Full form of BAMS. Bachelor in Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery BAMS is the professional under graduation course in the field of medicine. It is the degree awarded to the students who study Ayurvedic medicine. It is a five and a half years long course with 4.5 years of study and one year for internship. Hence, similar to the MBBS course duration . It includes traditional study of Ayurveda which is the most ancient science in India since vedic period . As a plus point along with Ayurvedic science modern medicine is also studied. Eligibility for admission to BAMS Candidates must have passed class 12th or equivalent examination  with the main subjects English core , biology , chemistry , physicsfrom a recognised board .  Candidate must have  the age of 17 years at the time of admission or as on 31st December of the year of admission. Need yo secure an aggregate of 50% marks in their Class 12 Board examination for aspirant from general category. While, for SC/ST/OBC candidates, the qualifying percentage is 40% Candidates need to have qualified NEET by securing minimum qualifying cutoff percentile to get admission in BAMS course. For foreign students any other equivalent qualification approved by the University will be allowed.         Minimum required percentile in NEET 1. General (UR)  = 50th Percentile 2. SC/ST/OBC(including PwD of SC/ ST/ OBC)= 40th Percentile 3. UR PwD = 45th Percentile However, NTA is only responsible to conduct NEET and prepare merit list for the same. The admission to BAMS will be taken by  state-wise counselling procedure. For BAMS admission process each state will release its own state merit rank based on the NEET merit list for which the candidates will be required to fill application form and attend the counselling. The subjects in the first prof. year are- Sanskrit Anatomy Physiology Padarth Vigyan Ashtanghridya The students willing to pursue their career in medicine have a great opportunity to opt for Ayurvedic medicine. Why Ayurveda is best natural treatment? In today’s scenerio we see how Ayurveda is developing & making its tremendous way in daily life.  With an upsurge of countless grave health issues…

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अश्वगंधा

ASHWAGANDHA Botanical Name: Withania somnifera. Family: Solanaceae. Classical Categorization : Charaka Samhita : Balya, Brahmaniya Mahakashaya. Sushruta Samhita : Not mentioned Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : Guduchayadi varga. Synonyms : 1. Vaaji 2. Haayahvaya 3.Vrahakarni 4. Vardaa 5. Balada 6. Kushthagandhini 7. Kanchuka 8. Kamarupini 9. Gandhapatri 10. Vrisha 11. Ashwavrohaka 12. Marutahani 13. Putrada संस्कृत -अश्वगंधा, वराहकर्णी, हिन्दी -असगंध; बंग्ला-अश्वगंधा; मराठी -आसंध, डोरगुंज; गुजराती -आसंध, घोड़ा आहन, घोड़ा आकुन; तामिल-आमकुलांग; तेलगु -पनेर, कन्नड़ -अश्वगंधी। External Morphology: It is an erect branching undershrub reaching about 5 feets in height, usually clothed with minutely stellate tomentum. Leaves petioled 2-4 inches long, ovate, subacute, base acute. Flowers greenish or lurid yellow, usually about 5 together in subsessile umbelliform cymes. Fruits globose berries, orange coloured when mature, enclosed in a persistant calyx. Habitat: Throughout in drier parts of India. Chemical Composition : Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide Ato Y, Somnitol, nicotine, tropine, sominone, sominolide. Rasapanchaka : Rasa : Tikta, Kashaya Guna: Laghu, Snigdha. Virya : Ushana. Vipaka : Madhura. Dosha Karma : Vata Kapha Nashak. Indications : Shukra Dosha, Shivitra, Shotha, Shavasa, Shotha. Part Used : Moola, Patra. Matra: Chorana 3-6 gms. Aamika Prayoga: 1. Vataja hridroga : Kalka of Ashwagandha and Vibhitaki chorana are mixed with honey and given with like warm water. 2.Shavasa : Ashwagandha kshara with honey and ghee is used. 3. Nidranash: Ashwagandha churna with ghee and sugar is useful. Yoga : 1. Ashwagandhadi Churna. 2.Ashwagandha ghrita 3.Aahwagandhaadi Rasayana 4.Ashwagandhaadi lehya 5.Ashwagandharishta 6.Bala Ashwagandha lakshaadi Taila.

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गोक्षुर

GOKSHURA Botanical Name : Tribulus terrestris. Family: Zygophyllaceae. Tribulus means, having three sides. terrestris means of the ground Classical Categorization: Charaka samhita: शोथहर, मूत्रविरेचनीय, कृमिघ्न, अनुवासनोपग महाकषाय । Sushruta Samhita : विदारिगंधादि, वीरतर्वादि, लघुपंचमूल, कण्टकपंचमूल, वाताश्मरीभेदन। Bhavaprakasha nighantu : गुडूच्यादि वर्ग। Synonyms : 1. Kshuraka 2. Swadukantaka 3. Shavadanshtra 4. Gokantaka 5. Bakshakantaka 6. Kantaphala 7. Trikantaka 8. Ikshugandhika 9. Vanashringataka 10. Chanadruma 11. Sthalashringataka 12. Shadanga 13. Plankasha Latin -ट्रिबुलस टेरेस्ट्रिस ( Tribulus terrestris Linn.); संस्कृत- गोक्षुर (छुरे की तरह तेज़ कांटे खेतों में चरने वाले पशुओं के पैर में गड़ते हैं और क्षत करते हैं); श्वदंष्ट्रा (कुत्ते की दंष्ट्रा-canine teeth के सदृश तीक्ष्ण कंटक युक्त ); स्वादुकंटक ( मधुर कंटक वाला ); त्रिकंटक ( तीन काँटों वाला ); वनशृङ्गाट ( वनों में होने वाला सिंघाड़े की आकृति का फल ); चणद्रुम ( चने के सदृश पत्रयुक्त ); इक्षुगन्धिका ( ईख के समान मधुर गंध वाला ); हिन्दी-गोखरू,हषचिकार; बांग्ला-गोखरू, गोक्षुर; मराठी -सराटे, कांटे गोखरू, गुजराती-न्हाना गोखरू,बेठा गोखरू; पंजाबी- भाखड़ा; तामिल, मलयालम-नेरुंजी; तेलगु -पन्नेरूमुल्लू; कन्नड़-सन्ना नेम्गुलु; फ़ारसी-खोरखसक; अरबी-हसक; अंग्रेज़ी-लैंड कैल्ट्राप्स ( Land caltrops ); पंक्चर वाइन ( Puncture vine ) । External Morphology: Annual or perennial prostrate herb. With many slender spreading branches and is clotted with silky hairs. Leaves are pinnate and opposite. Leaflets are almost sessile rounded or oblique at the base and mucronate at the apex. Flowers are bright yellow, solitary and pseudo axillary or leaf opposite. Fruit are glabrous, hairy, 5 angled, spinous with 2 long and 2 short and spine on each cocci. Seeds one or more in each coccus. Habitat: Throughout India as a weed along roadside and waste places. Chemical Composition : Fruits contains chlorogenin, diosgenin, gitogenin, rutin, rhamnose. Roots contains campesterol, B-ritosterol and stigmasterol, neotigogenin. Aerial parts cobrains astregolin, diosein, diosgenin, hecogenin, ruscogenin, trillin, furostanol glycoside, spirosterol saponin, terrestris A-F saponins C And G etc. Varieties : There are two type of varieties : 1. T. terrestris (zygophyllaceae E) 2. Pedalium murex (pedaliaceae F.) P.murex is a glabrous annual herb. Leaves opposite or alternate, irregularly toothed or almost lobed Flowers solitary, axillary with 2  glands at the base. Fruits are capsule, hard indehiscent, pyramidal ovoid with a 4 patent spines from…

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गंभारी

GAMBHARI Botanical Name: Gmelina arborea. Family: Verbenaceae. Gmelina was name of the scientist. arborea means tree like. Classical Categorization : Charaka Samhita : शोथहर, दाह प्रशमन, विरेचनोपग महाकषाय। Sushruta Samhita : सारिवादि गण, बृहत पंचमूल। Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : गुडूच्यादि वर्ग। Synonyms : 1. Bhedra parni 2. Shriparni 3. Madhuparnika 4. Kashmiri 5. Kashmarya 6. Heera 7. Peetarohini 8. Krishanavrinta 9. Madhurasa 10. Mahakusumika 11. Sarvatobhedra 12. Suphala 13. Sthula twacha 14. Kataphala 15. Mahakumbhi 16. Vatahata लैटिन-मेलिना अर्बोरिया (Gmelina arborea Linn. ); संस्कृत-गम्भारी, श्रीपर्णी (सुन्दर पत्रों वाली), मधुपणी के ( पत्तों में मध के सदृश रस होने के कारण ); काश्मरी ( सुन्दर वृक्ष होने से); पीतरोहिणी (पीत पुष्पों से  युक्त); काश्मीरी ( काश्मीर आदि पार्वत्य प्रदेश में होने से ): हिन्दी-गँभार; पंजाबी-गंभारी; मराठी-शिवण; गुजराती- शीवण, सवन; बांग्ला-गामार; तामिल-गुमादि; तेलगु-पद्मगोमरु। External morphology: An armed moderate sized deciduous tree 15-20 meter in height. Bark-greyish yellow corky. Branchlets and young parts clothed with fine white mealy pubescent. Leaves-10-20 cm long, 7.5 to 15 cm wide. Broadly ovate, acuminate, entire,glabrous above when mature, stellately fulvous-tomentose beneath. Flower - yellow and in terminal panicles. Fruit-fleshy ovoid drupe, orange yellow when ripe. Seeds-hard, oblong. Habitat: Throughout India in moist deciduous forests. Chemical composition : Beta-sitosterol, coryl alcohol, gmelina, butyric and tartaric acid, apigenin , premnazole, arborone, arboreal, isoarboreol. Alkaloids and lignas. Rasapanchaka : Rasa : Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Guna : Guru Virya : Ushana Vipaka : Katu Doshas Karma : Tridosha Shamak Indications : Shotha, Trishana, Aama, Arshas, Visha roga, Jwara, Daha etc. Part Used : Mula, Mula twaka, Phala, Patra Doses: Moola churana 3-6 gms, Phala, Patra Aamika Prayoga : 1. Atisara: Kashmarya phala yusha, Water and sugar is used. 2. Rakta pitta : Flowers of Kovidaar, Kashmarya, Shalmali, are useful. 3. Pitta Jwara : Hima of Kashmarya is given with Sugar. 4. Dourbalya : Tender leaves are given with ksheer. 5. Bala Shosha : Phala majja and Yastimadhu boiled in ksheera and can be given with kshera. Yoga: 1. Dashmoolarishta 2. Brihatpanchamoolaadi kwatha 3. Shriparnayadi kwatha 4. Shriparnayadi Taila 5. Dashmoola ghrita 6. Dashmoola haritaki 7. Dashmoola shat palak ghrita

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अपामार्ग

 APAMARGA Botanical Name : Achyranthes aspera. Family: Amaranthaceae. Achyranthes, means : Thorn. Aspera, means : Refering to the spinous bracts inflorescence. Classical Categorization : Charaka Samhita : Shiroverechana Mahakashaya, Krimihana Mahakashaya, Vamnopaga Mahakashaya. Sushruta Samhita : Arkaadigana. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : Guduchyadi varga. Synonyms : 1. Shikhri 2.Mayuraka 3. Duragraha 4. Kharamanjaari 5. Kshavaka 6.Adhashalya 7. Markaati 8. Kinhi 9. Pratyakapushpa 10. Aaghaat 11. Margaa 12. Ksharamadhya लैटिन-एकाइरैन्थस ऐस्परा (Achyranthes aspera Linn.); संस्कृत - अपामार्ग ( दोषों का मार्जक या संशोधक), शिखरी (पुष्प-फल शिखरतुल्य मंजरी में होने से ); अधःशल्य (अधोमुख कटक); मयूरक, खरमंजरी ( पुष्प मंजरी खर होने से), प्रत्यक्पुष्पा (पुष्प अधोमुख होने से ), आघाट हिन्दी -चिड़चिड़ी, चिरचिटा, चिचड़ा लटजीरा; बंगाली -अपाङ्, पंजाबी -पुठकंडा; मराठी -आघाड़ा; गुजराती -अघेड़ों; तामिल-नाजुरिबि; तेलुगु -अपामार्ग; उत्तरेन; कन्नड़ -उत्तरेन; मलयालम -कटलती अरबी - अल्कुम; फ़ारसी -खारेवाजगून; अंग्रेज़ी -प्रिकली चाफ फ्लावर ( Prickly chaff flower) Habitat: Throughout India, along roadsides and waste places as well as on hils upto 90m. Morphology: A coarse weed 1-3 ft height. Stem -erect, simple, or slightly branched, branches striate, pubescent, thickened, just above the nodes. Leaves-simple opposite, exstipulate, velvety, tomentose. Flowers bracteate, bracteolate, greenish, deflexed, in slender spikes. Seeds single inverse. Flowering - In Winters Fruiting - In summers the fruit is ripen & falls off. Varieties : Kaidev Nighantu mentions 3 varieties of Apamarga. Apamarga (white variety), Vasheera, Ramaatha. Bhavaprakasha nighantu, Dhanwantari Nighantu mentioned 2 varieties of Apamarga as Shveta Apamarga and Rakta Apamarga. Chemical composition : Whole plant: Achyranthine. Root : Ecdysone, Ecdysterone, Oleanolic acid Seeds : Saponin A,B, C,D, Hentriacontane. Rasa panchaka of Panchanga : Rasa : Katu, Tikta. Guna: Tikshana, Laghu, Ruksha, Saara. Veerya : Ushna. Vipaka : Katu. Indications: Aadhamana, Arsha, Kan du, Shoola etc. Part Used : Whole plant. Matra-Swarasa 10-20 ml Kshara 0.5-2 gms. Aamika Prayoga : 1. Ashmari-it is given with aaja mutra. 2. Rakta arsha-beeja lepa is useful. 3. Netra Roga-it's paste of root is made with madhu and applies as anjana. 4. Vrana Shodhana-Apamarga, Ashwagandha ,  Nimba, Koshtaki , Tila, Brahati, Kantakari, Haratala, manhshila are used. 5. Arsha: Apamarga roots is grained with tanduloodaka and given with madhu. 6. Varna ropana: Apamarga, ashwagandha, suvarchala and  kakolyaadi gana…

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अशोक

ASHOKA Botanical Name : Saraca asoca. Family: Caesalpiniaceae. Classical Categorization : Charaka Samhita : Vedana sthapana Mahakashaya. Sushruta Samhita : Rodhradi varga. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : Pushapavarga. Synonyms:  Latin-सराका अशोका ( Saraca asoca (Roxb.) संस्कृत -अशोक, हेमपुष्प ( स्वर्ण वर्ण पुष्प वाला), ताम्र पल्लव; हिन्दी -मराठी-गुजराती-अशोक; बांग्ला -अशोक; तामिल-अशोघम्; तेलगु -अशोकमु । External Morphology: It is a medium sized tree upto 9 m height with numerous spreading and drooping glabrous branches, Leaves-pinnate, 30-60 cm long, rachis glabrous, corky at the base petioles very short stipules intra petiolar completely united. Leaflets 4-8 paired, rigidly subconscious, lanceolate. Flowers orange or yellow in dense axillary corymbs. Fruits-pod, flat black, leathery, compressed, seeds 4-8 per pod. Bark is dark brown to grey or black with a warty surface, fresh cut ends are pale yellowish red. The entire cut surface turn reddish on exposure to air. Habitat: It grows throughout India, in evergreen forests upto an elevation of about 750m. Chemical Composition : Bark-alkanes, esters and primary akohols, n-octacoanol, tannin, catechin, catechol, epicatechin etc. Flowers : Fatty acids, gallic acid, sitosterol quercetin etc. Rasa panchaka : Rasa : Kashaya, Tikta. Guna: Laghu, Ruksha. Virya : Sheets. Vipaka : Katu. Dosha Karma : Kapha-pitta shamak. Indications : Grahani, Vrana, Shotha, Visha, Vedana, Trisha, kTimi ,  Garbhashaya vikara. Part Used: Bark, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds. Dosages : Twaka kwatha 50-100ml Beeja chorana 1-2 gms. Pushpa Churana 1-3gm. Aamika Prayoga : 1. Rakta Pradara: Milk boiled with decoction of Ashoka is useful in Rakta pradara. 2. Ashamari : Ashoka beeja chorana with water is give Ashamari. 3. Vatavyadhi : Ashoka ghrita is useful in Vatavyadhi. Yoga : 1. Ashokarishta 2. Ashok Ghrita

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अर्क

ARKA Botanical Name : Calotropis procera. Family: Asclepiadaceae. Classical Categorization : Charaka Samhita : Bhedaniya, Vamanopaga, Swedopaga Mahakashaya. Sushruta Samhita : Arkaadi gana. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : Guduchyadi varga. Synonyms: लैटिन-कैलोट्रोपिस प्रोसेरा (Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br.) संस्कृत -अर्क (सूर्य के समान तीक्ष्ण और उष्ण ); तूलफल (रूईदार फल होने से ); क्षीरपर्ण (पत्तों में दूध होने से ); अर्कपर्ण, विकिरण (हवा के द्वारा इसकी रूई इधर-उधर बिखरती रहती है ), विस्फोट ( फल फटने वाला)। हिन्दी -अकवन, आक, मदार; बांग्ला -आकन्द; मराठी -रुई, आक मदार, गुजराती-आकडो; पंजाबी-अक, तमिल - पेल्ले रुक्कु, तेलगू -मन्दाराम्; अरबी - उषर; फ़ारसी -खरक; अंग्रेज़ी -मदार (मदार)। External Morphology: It is a shrub having 2.5 m height young leaves hairy, glabrous when fully grown, sessile, thick, with a narrow cordate base, ovate oval or oblong and acute. Inflorescence covered with a white wooly tomentum. Flower in a terminal axillary corymbose Purplish, red in colour. follicle, recurved Seeds-numerous with silk hairs, broadly ovate, flat, minutely tomentose with a silky white coma. Varieties : Acharya Charaka mentioned only one plant as Arka. Sushruta has mentioned 2 varities as Arka and Alarka. Kaideva Nighantu and Dhanwantri Nighantu mentioned 2 varieties as Arka and Raja Arka. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu mentions 2 varieties as Shweta Arka and Rakta Arka. Habitat: In hot and drier parts of India. Chemical composition : Alpha and Beta amyrin, progesterone, Beta sitosterol, Caletin, Calotoxin, calotropis, Calotropain, proceroside, proceragenin, etc. Raspanchaka : Rasa : Katu, Tikta. Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana. Virya : Ushna. Vipaka : Katu. Dosha karma : Kapha vata shamaka. Indications :  Kushtha, Kandu, Visha, Krimi, Udara roga etc. Part Used : Whole plant. Doses : Moola twaka chorana-1-3 gms. For Vamana 2-10 gms. Patra chorana 250 mg-1 gm Pushpa chorana 125 mg- 400 mg Aamyika Prayoga: 1. Pliha roga : Arka leaves and salt are burnt by closed heating. This is given with cured water. 2. Arsha : Fumigation with roots of Arka and Shami is beneficial. 3. Shalipada : It is given with Rakta karpura / rakta sindura, strotoanjana and the same is made into a paste with Kanjika and applied externally. 4.Tamaka Shwasa : A pana is prepared with Yava and leaf…

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अग्निमंथ

AGNIMANTHA Botanical Name : Premna mucronata. Family : Verbenaceae. Botanical Synonym : Clerodendron phlomoides. Kleros, means-chance. Dendron, means-tree. Premna, means-a stump, low stature of species. Integri, means-entire or whole. Folia, means-Leaf. Classical Categorization : Charak: Samhita : Shothahara Mahakashaya, Sheetapra- shmana Mahakashaya, Anuvasnopaga Mahakashaya. Sushruta Samhita : Vrahat Panchamoola, Veertarvadi gana, Vrunaadigana Bhavaprakasha Nighantu : Guduchyadi Varga. Synonyms : 1. Agnimathana 2. Arneeka 3. Ketu 4. Ganikarika 5. Jaya 6. Jayanti 7. Tarkaari 8. Nadeya 9. Vaigyanika 10. Jaya 11 Shriparna 12. Vatahaani नाम लै०-प्रेम्ना मुक्रोनेटा ( Premna mucronata Roxb. ) सं०-अग्निमन्थ ( इसकी लकड़ियों को परस्पर रगड़ने से आग निकाली जाती है यज्ञादि में) ; जय ( रोगों को जीतने वाला ), श्रीपर्ण ( सुन्दर पत्रों वाला ), गणिकारिका  ( गणिका चासावारिका च-समूह में होने वाला सुन्दर वृक्ष और स्वास्थ्य प्रदान करने  वाली), वातघ्नी ( बात को नष्ट करने वाली); हि०-अरनी, गनियार,अनाथ; म-ऐरण, टाकली; गु०-अरणी; ब-गणो भारी; ता०-थलनदी;  जे०-नेलीचेट्ट। Habitat: In forest of South India. External Morphology: It is a small medium sized deciduous tree. Stem and large branches has spines. Leaves-membranous, broadly ovate, sharply acuminate, upper surface-glabrous when mature, Lower surface hairy specially at midrib. Leaves after drying turns black and when  crushed emits smell. Flowers-Corymb, greenish-white with unpleasant smell Calyx  5 toothed clothed with spreading hairs, Corola-greenish white. Fruit  Drupe, globose, black coloured Seeds-oblong. Flowering - April - May Fruiting -  May- June   Varieties :   Ashtanga Sangraha mentions  Tarkari dvaya. Brahatriyis mention 2 type of Agnimantha. Shodhala Nighantu mentions Agnimantha and Arani as 2 different varieties. Bhavna Mishra mentions 1 variety that is Agnimantha and synonym as Tarkzaari. Nighantu Ratnakar mentions Laghu Agnimantha and Brahat Agnimantha. Important Phytoconstituents : B-Sitosterol, luteolin, aphelandrine, premnine, betulin , ganiarine, ganikarine, premnenol, premna spirodiene. Rasapanchaka : Rasa: Tikta, Katu, Kashaya, Madhura. Guna : Laghu, Ruksha. Virya : Ushna. Vipaka : Katu. Karma: Kapha-Vatta Hara, Sathi Hara, Deepana. Rogahanta : Shotha, Pandu, Vasameha, Sheetapitta, Udard , Kushta , Sthoulya. प्रयोग दोष प्रयोग–यह कफ वात जन्य रोगों में प्रयुक्त होता है। संस्थानिक प्रयोग-बाह्य-कहीं शोथ और पीडा होने पर इसकी पत्तियों को   गरम  कर बाँधते हैं। आभ्यन्तर-नाडी संस्थान -यह वातव्याधि में बहुशः प्रयुक्त होता है । पाचन संस्थान-यह अग्निमांद्य, आमदोष, विबन्ध आदि…

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